Federated Science Fund Negotiation Essay

Summary: This was a multiparty negotiation, which involved 6 players all with very different negotiation styles. It was an exercise in which teams easily form a coalition. There were concessions about the value added each team would bring to the â€Å"table†, and my team in a situation of power saw how negatively the other teams reacted in name of fairness and how important was to share the pie. During this exercise there was a 3-stage process: individual assessment, team’s assessment and negotiation. 1) During my individual assessment: I did a thorough analysis of what I believed it was Stockman’s fair value. My reservation price was $215,000 as I did a mean value between 230,000 and 197,000. However I was prepared to accept 197,000 in case my counterparties had convincing arguments or/and have used the Sharpley’s method for distributing the pie. 2) During Stockman’s assessment, my team: My partner was comfortable with my analysis and we rapidly agreed on the strategy. He was very favorable of having a cooperative attitude. As a team, we decided to start negotiating as a group of 3 in order to expand the pie to everyone. 3) During the teams’ assessment when we reassembled: There was a consensus that we were better off together than separately, and we decided to do a simultaneous negotiation in order to guarantee that no one was left out of the deal. Everyone wanted to have an even participation. There were two main breakpoints that change the course of the negotiation: the anchoring and a vertiginous switching of power positions. What did I do right? – I did the anchoring of the thought process; I presented the scenario that was more favorable to Stockman, my team. As below:   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ I Assumed that 480 total was the fair value and started backwards by subtracting the added-value from the person that left the deal. Based on this analysis Stockman was the biggest contribution to the pie, it represented 56.25% of the conjunct agreement. – United was not receptive to this deal, and they were not impressed that at my eyes they were worth only 12.5%. United instantly turn to Turbo for a deal. That attitude was surprising to me as I was expecting a more aggressive tactic of United to do a collision with Stockman. – My initial splitting did not convince United and Turbo as in total they had less than partnering together. I knew and acknowledged that, so I offer Turbo and United some of my 270 share. That was the right thing to do, however I should have reclaimed something in exchange. One should only give up a share of the pie if it has something in return. â€Å"Free lunches turn out to be expensive lunches† in the means that people will always ask for more if they don’t feel they need to compromise. – I was not favorable at all to divide equally the pie. I knew my value and was determined to not let go what I considered my fair bit. What did I do wrong? – I started to get nervous and eventually I panic when I realized that Turbo was starting to be more interested to negotiate with United. United in the midst of an angry Turbo, took advantage and ask for a bigger pie to continue with Stockman. This was a crucial moment, which I internally panic. I should have asked for a break and set again my direction with my partner. Internally I needed â€Å"some minutes in the balcony†, to decompressed. – When I saw that Turbo and United were building up forces, I put in a table a completely new negotiation, which was very disruptive, compared to the previous one: – In this negotiation scenario, United saw their share increasing from 60 to 90 and Turbo would remain more or less the same. Turbo felt berated and betrayed, based on the equity theory they did not accepted and demanded for more. – I learn a big lesson, never radically change negotiation positions. Doing such a radical change underestimates the seriousness of your previous arguments and injures radically your position. One should take the time to negotiate and not feel compelled to do quick decisions. In this particular exercise I should have listened more. I got exposed for trying to control and leverage my position of power. Nevertheless, I managed to do a deal still within my initial reservation price. What would I like to do different? – My Stockman partner was sitting on the bench next to United I guess that made me feel in a certain point of the negotiation isolated. Adding to that, I was the only one in the negotiation with calculations and without my phone to add up and do the recalculation of the values on the spot. – I would mirror the behavior of my colleagues next time, if no one shares calculation sheets I will not show any that I have made. Next time, I will push myself more to be more spontaneous and try to use more persuasive arguments than analytical calculations during the negotiation. – Next time I will listen more and try to understand what is considered as â€Å"fairness†, for instance United just being part of the deal might have been fair per se. I lost a good opportunity to stay only with my first analysis and just duel on a psychological construct that United was a small company that developed research in an area that was not Stockman’s main interest, so being part of the deal for United was already a bonus. (I had a better relationship with Turbo). – At the end of the negotiation I just wanted to protect my reservation price at all cost, I lost control and got in the frame of the yes bias. Maybe I am not as much of a risk taker as I thought I was. – Next time, I will get in line with the intentions of my counterparty and announce my intentions and which are the concessions that I think are reasonable. It is always good to start conceding little and slowly progressively do some concessions. People love to feel they are doing progress in their negotiation and it should be gradual – higher satisfaction for the people involved. – It was good to have done an analytical analysis, however next time I will not share entirely my thought process. I should have used my good planning for my advantage during the negotiation.

Family diversity in today’s society Essay

Examine the extend,of and the reasons for family diversity in today’s society. Many sociologists argue that the nuclear family is a universal and dominate institution however there has been an increase in diverse family types for various reasons. Examples of these diverse families are lone parents, reconstitutions and cohabitation families. Although most people experience life in a nuclear family, it represents only a stage in their life cycle. Social and demographic changes have meant that an increasing part of many people’s lives are spent in households that are not based on conventional nuclear families. Firstly the increase of single parents (lone parents) has tripled since 1970s in the UK. About 25% of all families with dependent children are single-parent families. There are various reasons which contribute to the increase of single parenthood but one main one is the demographical changes in the UK, is divorce. Divorce was legalised in the early 1970s and as a con sequences it is cheaper and easier to get a divorce and this one of the explanations for the growth in lone-parent families since the early 1970’s. Whereas in the past it would take years to get a divorce and even then the outcome was not always fair. Feminist argue that diversity is valued and liberal as it gives women a choice. They also argue that this not only benefits women but en as well as they can have more time with the child and care for their children, then in the past that was only seen as the women job. However these traditional values are stilled established by ethnic groups not so much. Another reason for the increase in single parent families is due to greater acceptance in society. There is no longer as stigma that you have conceives a child with in marriage. This is interlinked with secularisation, which means the decline in religious practice and thinking. Therefore religion has very little influence over people lives hence they have a wider option in regards to the type of family they chose. The media also contributes the greater acceptance of single-parents as it depicts them in a positive light today, whereas in the past were it was seen as ‘sinful’. The increase is in single parent families is also due to help of the welfare state. The welfare state provides the single pare nt finical support hence taking the position or the role of the father. As a result women no longer need to rely on men or marriage for support. The increase in never married single mother now accounts for about 40% of all lone parents. Although Britain has become more diverse single  parenthood is still not accepted by everyone. The new right thinker Charles Murray (1984) argues that the increase in lone-parents is due to the over generosity of the welfare state as they have provide for both the parent and their children. Murray argue that this creates ‘perverse incentive’, that is rewarding irresponsible behaviour hence creating a ‘dependency culture’ in which people assume that the state will support them. One of the consequences of the lone parent family is step families (often called reconstituted families) which accounts to about 10% of families with the dependent children in the UK. A reconstituted family is made up of an adult couple, living with at least one child from a previous relationship of one of the partners. However although there is an increase in diverse family types the stepfamily are more at risk of poverty because the stepfather would have to provide for his current step children and his children form a previous relationship. In addition a difference in sexuality has contributed to the increase in family diversity. Gay and lesbian households have become more common and more acceptable in society than in the past. As Jeffrey Weeks, Donovan and Heaphey did their study in 1999 they argue, ‘During the past generation the possibilities of living an openly lesbian and gay have been transformed’. According to Weeks et al (1999) the same sex families look upon their household and friendship network as a chosen family. Same sex families have more option than the conventional heterosexual family and others see these families and an alternative and continuous devolving. Weeks et al argues that this part of a wider social change which can be based on culture and ethnic difference. Another sociologist called Roseneil (2005) develops the idea of chosen your own family. She uses the term hetronorm to refer to the intimate relationship between a heterosexual couple is seen as normal. Cheal (2002) notes that many gays and lesbians are legally allowed to adopt nevertheless many want to retain status of difference because they may feel that by adopting a child they are being shaped or moulded to portray a heterosexual family. Another main reason in why same- sex families increase is the decline in secularisation because some religions condemn homosexuality and now less people are religious in the UK they are more acceptant of homosexuals. Another type of family is singletons; this means that when someone lives by themselves. About 3 in 10 household contains one person. The reasons for  these changes are the increase in separation and divorce has created more 1 person households especially with men under 65 because children are more likely to live with their mother. Also the decline in marriage and the trend in marrying later because people are living longer hence there are more people that are single. Stein (1976) argues the growing number of people choosing to be single is a deliberate choice. However, while many of these choose to remain single some are alone because e there are few partners available in their age group. Furthermore, another type of household is living apart together. It is often assumed that those living alone do not have a partner. However the researcher by Duncan and Phillips (2208) found that 1 in 10 adults are ‘living apart together’ and has become increasingly common. Living apart together is a significant relationship, but not married or cohabiting. Duncan and Phillips found that some couple cannot live together for finical reason and the minority actively chose to live apart may be because they want to keep their home as a security because if the relationship does not work then at least they have a home to go to. Nonetheless although there are various other families it does demolish the existence of the nuclear family as they are still common but it has changed hence becoming more modern. Perspectives like the functionalist and new right as described to be ‘modernist’ because they see modern society. The nuclear family has shaped and changed to fit society which helps maintain it by performing some essential functions. According to Chester (1985), there was little evidence that people were choosing to live on a long-term basis in alternatives to the nuclear family. However, he did accept that some changes were taking place in family life. In particular, many families were no longer ‘conventional’ in the sense that the husband was the sole breadwinner. He accepted more women are out working to finical support their family. He called this new family form, in which wives have got jobs, the neo-conventional family. Although many people are not part of the nuclear family at one time in the life is largely due to the life-cycle. Many people who are currently living alone i.e. widows, singleton or those who are yet to get married, were either part o f a nuclear family in the past or will be in the future. Chester argues that the statistics is misleading and does not portray that most people will spend a major part of their life in a nuclear family. The extended family is another type of family which is three  generations living together. The extended family was strongest in working-class families. It is less important today because of geographical mobility, but research by Finch and Mason (1993) shows that kinship ties are still important for most. They also receive finical help from extended family and they also found that the women are more actively involved with extended family. Wilmot (1988) did his study on the dispersed extended family and the beanpole family. Wilmot (1988) argues that there are four main types of extended family; extended family of residence where the members live in the same household, the local extended family – where 2 or 3 nuclear families live separately but in close proximity and see each other often, the dispersed extended family – nuclear families who see each other frequently but live further apart and do not see each other as regularly and the attenuated extended family – similar to the dispersed extended family but the contact is even less frequent. Brannen (2003) argues that there is a strong intergenerational links between generations mainly because people are living longer. However the links between the intragenerational links between siblings, cousins etc. were somewhat weaker. Therefore Brannen characteristic contemporary family structure as being long and thin and she compares it to the beanpole. A beanpole family is a nuclear family with one or two children who maintain regular contact with grandparents. Furthermore another concept which has contributed to the increase in diverse families is culture diversity. There’s is an increase of people with different ethnic background hence this means there alternative family forms and living arrangements. Ghazala Bhatti carries out her study in 1999 on Asian families living in the southern England. She found that the conflict between generations has created a new family type as the children may not marry someone with the same background. However Bhatti stresses that these families were not the norm. Within black families there is high rate of female-headed houses, lone-parent black families has someti mes been seen as evidence of disorganisation which link back to slavery. This is because under slavery when people were taken the children would stay with their mothers. Also due to high rate of unemployment among black men has meant that they cannot provide for their family which as a consequence lead to high rates of desertion or marital breakdown. Also among Asian families their household do contain three generation but most are in fact nuclear  rather than extended families. Larger Asian households also to some extent reflect the value placed on the extended family in Asian cultures. These differences are likely to have resulted from the fact that many Asian immigrants have come from a traditional agricultural economy where family patterns are more like pre-industrial Britain. Thus, minority ethnic families have not just contributed to family diversity through each group having its own distinctive family pattern. They have also contributed to it through developing diverse family patterns within each ethnic group.

Fast Food Essay Essay

Life is developing more and more, people are getting busier and busier. The modern people do not have enough time to cook meal themselves so the advent of fast food helps them so much. Most of people people – especially students – prefer to eat fast food, such as hamburgers, pizza, fried food†¦ Fast food is becoming popular recently all over the world because of its benefits. It is quite cheap, quick and convenience to those who have a busy life. The busy life is one of the top reasons of eating fast food the modern. Students who have a busy schedule usually do not have time to cook at home, as a result, they prefer to eat at restaurants or cafes, because it is a simple option. Nowadays time is one of the most important things in a person’s life, and fast food is served very quickly. For example, McDonalds, Burger King, KFC and others fast food restaurants, have drive through windows, so people do not even have to get out of their bikes to get food. Beside that efforts of fast food restaurant companies to improve their delivery service also make more convenience for students who live away from their family and very lazy to make a traditional home-cook meal. Equally important is the economy. One of the primary reasons students frequent fast food restaurants is the price. Finding inexpensive places to eat is important to many students, which make up a large percentage of fast food customers. Many chains offer value meals or items for less than a home-cook meal, counting on customers with budget sensitivity to be attracted to these options. And with the students, who still not have a job to earn money and depend on their family, the cheaper choice when eating fast food is one of best way for they can save money. In conclusion, fast food attracts students more than home-made food does. It is known as the food that they do not have to prepare. Fast food is more common because students are always busy, and in a hurry, so they head towards fast food restaurants to save their time and also because of cheaper than home-made food is making fast food more popular with students.

The Depicting Graphs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Depicting Graphs - Assignment Example The decrease in the cost of production will increase the profit margins of the company. Hence, it will be willing to supply more t-shirts. This is depicted by the outward shift of the supply curve from S1 to S2. Therefore, the increased quantity supplied decreases the shortage in the market. The curve of Marginal Revenue depicts the extra revenue that is earned from selling an extra unit of output. It declines linearly as the output increases. The curve of Marginal cost shows the extra cost that is incurred from producing an extra unit of output. It is the U-shaped curve that first declines reaches a minimum cost and then rises as the output increases. The curve of Average Cost portrays the mean cost of producing a certain level of output. It declines sharply at first, reaches a minimum average cost and then steadily rises as the output produced is increased. The demand curve depicts the quantity demanded at different prices. It is a downward sloping curve. As the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. I believe that the firm will not face severe competition for a long time as barriers to entry are high in this monopolistic market structure. This will guarantee the firm sure profits in the long run as well. One of the first impacts will be the increased price of the imported goods and services. This will increase the cost of these commodities in the UK market. As well as the producers will increase their cost to cover their rise in price in their imported raw materials. Therefore, this will lead to cost-push inflation in the UK market. On the other hand, the depreciation will boost the UK exports and lead to increase in their demand. All in all, the increases exports and the reduced imports will lead to a growth in the GDP of the country. At the same time, the other European markets will face tough competition from the low priced UK exports.  

Washington DcC Taxation Without Representation Essay

Washington DcC Taxation Without Representation - Essay Example It cost money to keep British troops stationed in America and the colonists should share the costs. The Sugar Act of 1764 as well as the Currency Act was quickly put into place. The Currency Act greatly affected the colonists as they seemed to always have a shortage of physical money. The colonists decided to make their own money. The Currency Act prohibited the use of this new paper money (Tindall and Shi 126). 1765 brought with it two more important acts from Grenville. They were the Stamp Act and the Quartering Act. The Stamp Act was to directly fund the troops stationed in the colonies. This included a tax on all printed material. This was a hardship to the colonies as it hurt many businesses. The Quartering Act required the colonies to supply British troops with supplies or shelter. The Stamp Act inspired the colonists to coin the phrase â€Å"no taxation without representation†. The colonists had no physical representation in Parliament. Grenville called it â€Å"virtua l representation†. Parliament claimed the representatives currently serving had the colonies interests in mind. The colonists were not convinced. Protesting as well as mass meetings began. One such group was called the Sons of Liberty made up of lawyers and merchants. Some were still true to the British rule and they were called the Loyalists (Tindall and Shi 127). ... They were able to come to an agreement though and develop the Stamp Act Resolves. The Stamp Act Resolves said the colonies accepted Parliament to create the laws, but they disputed the taxation. It was later thought that individual boycotts made by colonists did more to push parliament into paying attention then did the Stamp Act of Congress (Stamp Act Congress). In 1766 parliament created the Declaratory Act. This act stated England would still have full control over the colonies especially regarding all the laws. The Act was supposed to give distinction between external taxes on trade and internal taxes within the colonies (Tindall and Shi 130). Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Treasury made things worse in 1767 with his acts. One thing he did was to force New York to succumb to the Quartering Act. The Revenue Act was his other major work. The Revenue Act levied the external taxes on colonial imports such as glass, paints, paper and tea. This created more resistance within the colonies, especially when the colonists discovered the taxes from the Revenue Act would pay the salaries of governors and other officers. This would relieve such officer’s dependence on the colonial assemblies. There was increasing tension within the colonies. The colonists began boycotting British goods in protest (Tindall and Shi 131). The important event of â€Å"taxation without representation† that seems to stick out in the mind of many American’s is the â€Å"Boston Tea Party†. This occurred in 1773. At this time some taxes were lifted, but the tax on tea still remained. Colonists were consistently complaining about the levies from the Townshend Acts. The colonists felt they did not want to pay taxes from a Parliament that gave them no

Descriptive Analysis Paper. I Chose Option #3 On my assignment Which I Essay

Descriptive Analysis Paper. I Chose Option #3 On my assignment Which I will scan to you and have it forwarded - Essay Example At this point I can relate with Anne Hood who took the same exit – â€Å"I took Exit 12, the same exit I have taken to go home since I got my driving license in 1972† (Hood, 239). Andover is the place where I first got to interact with the people of US in the second language from The Andover High School, my first English school which lay to the right as I drove down the Bartlett street. It is here that I mastered the English language after persistent effort of 13months. I quickly mastered the words â€Å"Hello†, â€Å"Thank You†, â€Å"Bathroom† and â€Å"Water†. I felt like I was on another planet. I got to see the first snowstorm here. Despite being a migrant to Andover, the six years’ stay here has helped me embrace this place as a ‘SECOND REAL HOME’, polished/upgrade my skills and brought me where I am today and established some strong lifetime connects. Moving into the town of Andover played a big role in connecting with my dad and mom. My parents’ business was the reason why I came here apart from the fact that my parents wanted to provide me with better education. My parents wanted to shift their business here and this also enabled me to gain some practical insights into the economic and business world and I became more connected to my grandparents. My mom mostly, understood that she needed to connect more to me because I was her son and here she stayed at home most of the time. My mother helped me with my creative writing assignments in school, debates and projects. I most of art projects I achieved A-grade because of the mother’s unique ideas which she also used in the interior decoration works of their business. This is the place that taught me different sports, developed special interest in soccer, interact with the neighborhood friends and the way to apply my creative mind for constructive purpose. Back in Taipei, I was not the type of person who loved to read I never enjoyed

World Literature Phase 4 DB 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Literature Phase 4 DB 2 - Essay Example unchaste action, or dishonoured step,/That hath deprived me of your grace and favour;/But even for want of that for which I am richer,/A still-soliciting eye, and such a tongue/As I am glad I have not, though not to have it/Hath lost me in your liking†. In sharp contrast to this poetic statement is this coarse dialogue from King Lear in Act IV, Scene VI: And the creature run from the cur? There thou/mightst behold the great image of authority: a/dogs obeyed in office./Thou rascal beadle, hold thy bloody hand!/Why dost thou lash that whore? Strip thine own back;/Thou hotly lustst to use her in that kind/For which thou whippst her. So, in short, Shakespeare is real. And it is in this sense of reality, the frankness of portrayal of human nature which can be lyrical at times, and rude and brutal at others, that Shakespeare has triumphed over time. Shakespeare’s themes are universal: they strike a chord in people of the twenty-first century, and interestingly, some or the other versions of King Lear, Regan, Goneril, Edmund and Cordelia exist in the modern times. For instance, there are many people in today’s capitalistic times, who like Edmund, strive to rise above their circumstances, "Let me, if not by birth, have lands by wit; / All with mes meet that I can fashion fit", More importantly, Shakespeare does not make King Lear a morality play where the good get rewarded and the evil punished. While those that are evil meet with their deaths, the innocent die too: Lear, Gloucester and Cordelia die despite not having done much to deserve it. Shakespeare seems to say that evil is a part of human existence, and that the world is not a just place. Death takes those that are evil and those that are innocent with a grand indifference and seemingly without reason, a distinctly post- modern or existentialist way of looking at things. What is more, Shakespearean plots are well-structured and undiluted. Full of drama, vivid imagery and iridescent language, Shakespeare

AAA servers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AAA servers - Essay Example Authentication is suitable for user identification, typically by having the user enter a valid password and username before access is . The authentication process enables each user to have unique criteria for gaining access to the computer. The AAA compares other user credentials within the database to the authentication credentials. The user is only granted access when the credentials match with one another. Authentication fails when the credentials are at variance, and the access is (Choi, Jung & Jang, 2007). After authentication, a user has to be authorized (authorization) to perform a certain task. The user may try to issue the command after logging into the system. Authorization is the process of determining the qualities or the types of resources, activities and services that a user is permitted to undertake. Accounting measures the resources that a user utilizes during access. It comprises the amount of data and time that a user has spends or used (Lopez-Fernandez et al., 2014). Bu is using the server the company can control access to information and data while at the same time keep record of the time and resources spent by the user. The motive authentication, authorization and accounting server addresses roaming partnerships, complex resource sharing and integration of disparate technologies such as Wi-Fi, LTE, DSL, GPON and small cell. The server delivers extended functionality for the deployment of blended multimedia services, wireless LANs and other networks supporting fixed mobile roaming. The server is beneficial to the organization since it supports unlimited numbers of subscribers having many configurations (Zaghloul & Jukan, 2009). Choi, H., Jung, C., & Jang, Y. 2007. Design and Implementation of User Authentication and Authorization System based on Remote Management Server for Home Network. The KIPS Transactions:Partd, 14D(5), 545-554. doi:10.3745/kipstd.2007.14-d.5.545 Lin, P., Cheng, S., & Liao, W. 2009.

Short book reviews and comparison of reviews Essay

Short book reviews and comparison of reviews - Essay Example Pramoedya Ananta Toer. This Earth of Mankind. New York: Penguin, 1996. Vol. 1 of Buru Quartet. Print. This Earth of Mankind is a novel about modernity, civilization, sex and sexuality in the society. The novel is set around the main protagonist, Minke who reflects on the real meaning of modernity, which he associates with â€Å"learning and science.†1 The idea of modernity and civilization is advanced as Minke shows his interest in electricity;2 he demonstrates modernity by using trains and smaller machines driven by oil and not steam. The novel starts by explaining factors of globalization and hence modernity. The novel also manifests the inner conflict in the main protagonists arising from conflict of interest between the colonized and the colonizer. The author utilizes the narrative approach to detail the life of the main protagonists, and how the protagonists advance the themes of colonialism, modernity, and sexuality. Through describing various inventions and developments in science, the author brings out development of modernity in the novel, and how it impacts the lives of the main protagonists. The author utilizes symbolism and descriptive language throughout the book. For example, the use of aspirin as the most powerful medicine to be discovered by humanity to symbolizes effects of modernity on humanity. The main perspective in the novel is the importance of the native Javanese culture as the main protagonists still fight to keep their identity in the society despite the rapid spreading forces of modernity that seek to abolish such cultures. This is observed through Minke who tries to find his real identity despite being in a Dutch school. The novel also brings out the ills of modernity in the society as prostitution and brothels became a status symbol in the society,3 and the oppression of the natives as seen in the rape of Annelies by Robert; a way to exert power for being associated with Europeans. The issue of mixed blood brews much conflict as Maurit’s father commits blasphemy by mixing the native and white blood, which is unforgivable. Thus the white is taken as a much superior race that cannot mix with the low class native blood. This is an issue of superiority complex, where the white is viewed as being much superior tot eh native. However, dispute the issue of mixed blood being contentious, the whites still continue to sleep with native prostitutes in brothels and to sire children with the natives, which is also mixing the native and white blood. The whites are thus hypocritical. This makes them to reconsider the racial boundaries and in some cases, the native can actually be assimilated into the white society to enjoy the prestige; an example being Minke who enjoys the prestige of the whites though from a mixed blood. Inner conflict in the main protagonists is the main aspect in the novel. Minke in his setting struggles to find his real identity in a society that ranks his native class at the lower end of social hierarchy. He is lonely and is forced to live with constant questioning by fellow students who probably were skeptical regarding his ability to make it in sciences as whites do.4 Nyai Ontosoroh faces serious inner struggles; she is a mistress to a white, though a native and is even mistreated by the same whites for being a native; she is used as a sex

I.R.S. Plan to Uncover Companies Tax Strategies Essay

I.R.S. Plan to Uncover Companies Tax Strategies - Essay Example t September the call for the regulations regarding overhauling the ruling and making those practices transparent started and those regulations became effective for the 2010 tax year effective December 15. The new law affects corporations (foreign and domestic) and insurance companies with assets in excess of $500 million, gradually reduced to $10 million by 2014. Kocieniewski seems to side with the corporations, but there are at least two valid reasons why the Government is justified in ending this money pit. (Kocieniewski) The one major argument the IRS uses to support the new â€Å"transparency† ruling is that its tax agents spend far too much time researching these claims as to their legitimacy and the agents’ time could be better spent going after tax cheats and proprietary information would not be shared. Of course the companies and their accounting agencies cried foul, counteracting that agents already â€Å"find an issue and try to extract some kind of payment for its nuisance value†. (Lear) The IRS’s position is a valid one. Let the average taxpayer try that one. If one owed X dollars in taxes for a household of his wife and him and yet paid taxes on four exemptions because his brother and sister-in-law stayed in the guest room for a few weeks, setting the rest in an account, the man would quickly be in jail! True corporations get tax advantages people don’t, on the premise of creating more jobs. However, if their deductions are legal they will find out soon enough, although most already know those questionable deductions would fail an audit. Their major problems are these huge reserves for possible taxes they used to pocket after the time limits. Another major problem is that during these austere times and Federal budget cuts, Congress is pressuring the tax people to collect more revenue and with more and more US jobs going overseas the bolstering the economy and creating jobs arguments of the major companies is flimsy at best. There is

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast in many different ways. Some of the ways are obvious such as one is online and one is an actual store, but there are others that many different people would not even think about if they didn’t shop in both settings regularly. Knowing the benefits of online shopping and shopping in store can not only save a person the hassle of getting out when something may be better to get online, but it can also save a person tons of money knowing which setting to buy certain things from. For instance, during certain times of the year store may offer exclusive savings on certain products if you buy them online and buy them together. This kind of promotion can save you massive amounts of money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales, convenience, and coupon use. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales. When shopping online, stores sometimes offer exclusive sales for online only shoppers. When shopping online a person can save money on top of sales by shopping through a cash back service such as www. bates. com. Www. ebates. com will offer you a percentage of what you spend at certain stores online to encourage you to shop online at that store. When shopping online a person can take advantage of a good deal without having to justify themselves to a sales associate. Sometimes a sales associate will not agree with someone getting the great deal that their company is plainly offering. At least a computer will not argue with someone or try to make it seem like someone is trying to take advantage of the system. When shopping in store, stores also sometimes offer exclusive sales for in store shoppers only. When shopping in store a person can sometimes match prices at stores such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers to let a person match a price from another local store just by showing the cashier the print add therefore extending your savings. Some other stores like CVS also offer store cards that shoppers can use for even bigger savings and exclusive deals. Sales like these can really drop your bills! Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by convenience. When shopping online, a person can shop from the convenience of their own home. Another great advantage of shopping online is that you don’t have to take the time to put in makeup, fix your hair, or even change out of your pajamas. When online shopping a person does not have to spend gas money to get out and go to the store. Also, when shopping online a person can compare items from different stores to see which items are of better quality and value. In retrospect when shopping in a brick and mortar store associates can help a person with their purchase. When shopping in store with an associate a person can ask questions about the items that they are buying. A store associate can answer any questions about what a person is shopping for that they may have been curious about. This can be very helpful in choosing just the right products for your family. One other difference about shopping in store is that there are no shipping fees that need to be paid. There is also no wait between when a person purchases their items and when they get them. This effectively saves you both time and money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by coupon use. When shopping online a store will sometimes offer exclusive coupon codes that are only good for online use. Sometimes the coupons that are offered online will have a higher value than a coupon that you will use in store. Stores will sometimes do this to encourage you to try shopping online as opposed to a brick and mortar setting. Also, when shopping online with coupons you do not have to deal with an associate during the checkout process. Sometimes an in store associate will argue with you about whether or not your coupon is legitimate or if that coupon can be used on the item in your cart. When shopping in store you can use paper coupons and sometimes printed coupons. Also, some stores will let you stack a manufactures coupon with a coupon put out by that particular store. This means that you can use two coupons towards the purchase of one item. The store coupon is considered the same as an in store promotion therefore allowing you to use a manufactures coupon as well. This can increase your savings dramatically. Online shopping and shopping in a brick and mortar setting compare and contrast by sales convenience, and coupon use. Online shopping and brick and mortar shopping have many different elements associated with each of them that many different people do not realize. Writing them down in an organized manner helps one to see all of the great differences and comparatives between the two. When shopping online there are great benefits such as exclusive sales, the convenience of not having to leave the house to get what you need, and that you can use exclusive online coupons. In comparison to this when shopping in a brick and mortar setting you can take advantage of in store exclusive sales and promotions, you can ask the store associates questions about the products you are buying, you don’t have to wait for the product to be delivered to you, and you can sometimes stack manufactures coupons with store coupons. These are all great comparisons and contrasts of online shopping and brick and mortar shopping, hopefully you can make an informed decision about which is best for you.

Information Systems Plan Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Plan Essay The basis of this system is to manage effectively the available resources involved in The Fitness Center namely the members, fitness consultants and the higher management of the company involved in strategic decisions. The first section details out the primary purpose to come up with an IT solution for the company and the advantages to the stakeholders of the company. It follows with the roles of the people involved in this project. The considerations regarding the systems investigation, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance is discussed in the later sections. The concluding section highlights the announcement of the new system rollout and the ultimate benefit to users. 1. Purpose: The Information system deployed here will help the company and its members in identifying their individual goal and contribute to the overall objective of the company to create a competitive edge over others in the similar business. It would departmentalize the enterprise with the concerned information system to track the movement of resources and get periodic reports to check systems functionality and organizations growth. Enveloping an information system, which happens to be quite a erode of time, effort and money, would put the company in the digital world to manage all its business processes, may how small or big it be, effectively creating a record of the activities and covering all the deficiencies of the manual system. 2. Roles of people involved: It envelopes the stakeholders of the system connected with the fitness company and also the customers who would be using the system for requesting services and provide feedbacks. The identification of the different users of the system is as follows: †¢ Members: The current and prospective members would use the system to feed in their personal data and reason as to which they have joined the Fitness center. The members may have various objectives while joining the center. Some are for simple fitness programs while others have different objective. The system would take care of all those and keep the latest details about performance and other measures such as future interests.

Construction Analysis of The Opera House

Construction Analysis of The Opera House The Opera House was built and is in Sydney, Australia and boasts to be one of the new seven wonders of the world. The Opera House is a world class performing arts center and has become the symbol of Sydney and Australia. A man by the name of Jon Utzon is the man who is responsible for the design of the facility. The facility was built from 1959 to 1973 and was built by more than ten thousand men. Mr. Utzon who was the chief architect of the Opera House in February 1966, resigned after a new Liberal government was elected. The Minister of Works had refused him payments and in 1973 the Opera House was officially open by Queen Elizabeth II of England. The distinctive construction of the roof upon the Opera House is made up of interlocking shells. There are two main halls inside of the Opera house which are arranged side by side, the length of the axes is slightly inclined from each other which generally is running north-south. The auditoria of the Opera house face away from the harbour, and has the stages located between itself, the city and the audience. (Porter, 2014) The Forecourt of the Opera House has a wide-open space for people to ascend the stairs to the podium. These stairway is known as the Monumental Steps, which can be seen leading from the Forecourt to the two main performance venues. The stairway is a great for ceremonial purposes as it is nearly 100 meters wide. The vaulted roof shells that have been placed upon the Opera house as was designed by the architect by the name of Utzon along with other well know engineers, Ove Arup Partners helped come up with the final shape of the shells which were taken from the idea that represented a sphere. Each shell is made up of cast rib segments that are made from a concrete pedestal and rising towards ridged beam. (Porter, 2013) The process of the shells includes a faced in glazed off-white tiles, while the podium itself is made up of clad earth-toned which were reconstructed with granite panels. The glass walls of the Opera house are a special feature of the building as it was constructed with modifications done by Peter Hall who was Utzons successor. Below is some information about the perimeters and dimensions of the Opera House. The building is roughly one-hundred and eighty-five meters in length and one-hundred and twenty meters in width. The highest point that can be found in Opera House is located atop the roof. (Choice Reviews Online, 2007) The point of the roof is sixty-seven meters above sea-level which amounts to the same height of a twenty to twenty-two story building. The roofs of the Opera House are roughly made from two-thousand one-hundr ed and ninety-four pre-cast concrete sections. Each of these sections weigh up to fifteen tons each and are held together by three-hundred kilometer worth of tensioned steel cable. When this cable is laid from end to end, it would be able to stretch all the way to Canberra. (Murray, 2016)ÂÂ   The roof is covered with more than one million tiles where were made by Swedish company HÃ ¶ganas. The building itself has a total of six-thousand two-hundred and twenty-five square meters of glass that covers the building and a total of six-hundred and forty-five kilometers of electric cables that run throughout the entire building. The glass of the Opera House a unique quality to it that most of the glass that is used within Australia because the glass that was used to aid the construction of the Opera House was ordered directly from France. The entire site of the Opera house covers a grand total area space of roughly five hectares. The total area of the Opera House is so vast that if y ou that you could place a total of eight 747 Jet Liners side by side and there would still be space available. Within the Sydney Opera House, the building is divided into a total of; one concert hall, three theatres, a studio as well as a recording studio, a multipurpose room and an outdoor forecourt. (Murray, 2016) The Concert Hall: can seat up to two thousand guests, it features a high vaulted ceiling, it is a white birch timber paneling, which also boasts the worlds largest mechanical tracker-action pipe organ. (Porter, 2013) The Joan Sutherland Theatre: It is a proscenium theatre that can seat up to one thousand five hundred guests in one seating. The Sydney Opera Australia house was known as The Australian Ballet. Until 16 October 2012 it was known as the Opera Theatre. (Porter,2014) The Drama Theatre: is capable of sitting up to five hundred guests, it was used by the Sydney Theatre Company as well as other dance and theatrical presenters. (Porter, 2014) The Playhouse: It is an end-stage theatre with three hundred and ninety-four seats. The Studio: It has flexible space with two hundred and eighty permanent seats (some of the seats is adjustable) and a maximum capacity of four hundred guests, depending on how the room is organized Utzon Room: It is a small multi-purpose venue that hosts many events such as parties or a cooperate function. (Porter, 2014) The Recording Studio: It small area that is allocated for those who would like to compose music There is also the Outdoor Forecourt: it is a flexible open-air venue that has a wide range of rearrangement options, it also does use the monumental stairs for sitting if need be. There are also other areas at the Opera House, there is the Northern and Western foyers, both are used for performances as well as other occasions. (Murray, 2016) The largest of the seven venues in the Opera House is the concert hall which seats up two thousand six hundred and seventy-nine people at a time. The smallest room inside the Opera House is the Utzon room, which seats up to two hundred and ten people while The Concert Halls seats up to two thousand people and boasts the Grand Organ, which is the largest mechanical version of this instrument in the world which has ten thousand one hundred and fifty-four pipes which took ten years to build. (Choice reviews online, 2007) An interesting fact about The Opera House is that is has a total of a thousand separate rooms with more than fifteen thousand light bulbs, hosts more than three thousand events annually has accommodates more than two hundred thousand tourists each year. Though the finally product looks amazing, there was a lot of hard work, time and money that was put in to making the Sydney Opera House what it is today. Here is a break down what it cost, the time that was spent to construct. (Murray, 2016) The total cost, just for the construction alone was $102M AUD which was funded mostly by Australian Government. There was also a point during the construction that the government refused to continue funding the construction but was protested by many to finish the construction. The total time it took to construct the building was from 1959 to 1973 which is a total of 4 years with more than two hundred thousand workers that worked on the building the Opera House each year (Porter, 2014). As you can see, the Sydney Opera House would stand atop as one of the wonders of the world. Its unique design and distinctiveness is what makes it stand out from the any of the other wonders in the world. It was built upon many people, and it took a lot of time as well as money to construct the Sydney Opera House. It is visited by more than a million tourists each year and is hosts over three thousand events each year. References Building a Masterpiece: The Sydney Opera House. Choice Reviews Online 44.09 (2007): n. pag. Opera House Facts. Sydney Opera House. Web Agency, D. T. (2016, October 04). Sydney Opera House. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/sydney-opera-house Celebrating the history of the Sydney Opera House. (2013, October 22). Retrieved March 24, 2017, from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-21/anthony-burke-on-sydney-opera-house-history/5034028 Concert Hall. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2017, from https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/visit-us/performance-space/concert-hall.html Murray, L. (2016, December 13). Sydney Opera House. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sydney-Opera-House Porter, L. (2016, February 04). Sydney Opera House: 40 fascinating facts. Retrieved March 23, 2017, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/oceania/australia/new-south-wales/sydney/articles/Sydney-Opera-House-40-fascinating-facts/ Porter, Lizzie. Sydney Opera House. The Telegraph. The Telegraph, 24 Oct. 2013. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Sydney Opera House. (n.d.). Retrieved February 09, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House

Blood Doping :: essays research papers

Running the Race to Obtain the Prize?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each year athlete’s ability to perform seems to increase by leaps and bounds. Some reasons for this can be attributed to better training methods, better conditioning techniques, and better over all health of the athlete. While most situations involve one or more of the previously scenarios, some athletes always seem to take it to a step further. They engage in a process called blood doping. This procedure does increase physical performance and athletic ability, but potentially may do more harm than good. For purpose of emphasis and understanding, some background information is needed to fully understand exactly what blood doping can do for an individual. In order for muscles to perform, they need a ready supply of oxygen. During high intensity exercise, oxygen is depleted and the body can not get enough oxygen to the muscle in order for them to perform their optimal potential. This lack of ability to get oxygen to the muscle is called oxygen debt and results in lactic acid being formed. Lactic acid is a waste product of anaerobic cellular respiration within the muscle tissue, which can cause muscle sourness that, usually, is felt after a hard or long workout. Fatigue usually sets in with the onset of lactic acid production. Oxygen is carried to the muscle by two delivery systems. Three percent of oxygen is carried in plasma and ninety-seven percent is in hemoglobin, the principal protein in erythrocytes (red blood cells). If hemoglobin amounts are increased, this will lead to increas ed oxygen levels that can be transported to the muscles. Allowing the muscles to become more fatigue resistant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blood doping could have opposite effect of those intended. A large infusion of red blood cells could increase blood thickness and cause a decrease in cardiac output and a reduction in oxygen content. Both would reduce aerobic capacity. The human heart was not designed to pump thickened blood throughout the body and, therefore, it could lead to a multitude of problems. The diseases that can be contracted from autologous blood transfusion are severe. Even more frightening is the list of diseases that can be contracted through homologous blood transfusion. It includes hepatitis, AIDS, malaria, and CMV. In addition, shock is a factor to be aware of.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All blood doping procedures used in attempt to improve athletic performance is unethical and unfair. Taking a risk like blood doping to win a race is sad.

Return on Investment Analysis Essay -- Finance Financial Business Essa

Return on Investment Analysis Profit Every business must devise a means to make and measure the profit from an investment. Profit reflects the very nature of business. Businesses that provide a product or service want to know if their efforts in a particular field will result in financial gain (Wiens 1997). The concept "Return On Investment" provides a means to measure the profit obtained from an investment. I will discuss the area of return on investment from a training and staff development perspective and why it is important. To Train or Not To Train Companies and educational institutions at one time or another will face the question of whether training will help their company remain competitive. Training is very expensive and time consuming. The employee will miss time from work. Someone will have to fill in for the employee. The "fill-in" may not perform as well as the employee which results in lower productivity. Travel and site procurement add to the cost. The trainer will demand a salary and materials. A subject matter expert may possibly factor in the equation. Furthermore, the company usually will conduct a needs analysis to determine if training is the actual solution needed to increase profitability. All of these elements translate into time and money. However, research has discovered that a new medium of delivery has cut cost significantly. The medium is computer based training (Schriver 1999). The expense is reduced by travel, instructor hours, record handling, and productivity (Schriver 1999). Many businesses and educational institution are examining the possibility of computer based training. Many decision makers reason if the same results can be obtained at a cheaper rate, by all means implem... ...emain in an organization or fall victim to cost cutting initiatives. References: Hansen, D. & M, Maryanne (1997). Management Accounting 4th Ed, South Western College Publishing Company.. Lachenmaier, L. & Moor, W. (August 1997). Using Business Performance to Evaluate Multimedia Training in Manufacturing. Performance Improvement, p. 16. Schriver R. & Giles, S. (August 1999). Real ROI Numbers. Training and Development,p. 51. Stolovitch, H. & M. Jean (October 1998). Calculating the Return on Investment in Training: A Critical Analysis and A Case Study. Performance Improvement Vol. 37 #8, 9-20. Todnem, G. & Micheal W. (Summer 1993) Using ROI to Assess Staff Development Efforts. Journal of Staff Development Vol. 14, No. 3. p. 32 Wiens, E. (November 1997). Looking Ahead: How Will Technology Affect the Future. The Technology Teacher, p .21.

The Causes of the Cold War Essay -- misperception and miscalculation i

Ever since the outbreak of the Cold War after WWII, American historians have depicted it as a battle pitting good versus evil, American democracy, capitalism, and desire for world peace, against Soviet communism, totalitarianism, and desire to take over the world. However, this categorization of the Cold War has been proven false by many documents made public since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990’s. Over the course of this essay, I will attempt to explain the true causes of the Cold War, and some of the reasons it progressed the way it did. My analysis will begin with a general discussion of how nuclear proliferation impacted the decision making of both American and Soviet leaders. It is, I believe, important to understand this before delving any deeper, as nuclear proliferation’s affect on decision making was arguably the key dynamic operating throughout the entire Cold War. Then, I will analyze more specifically the causes of the Cold War and t he reasons it progressed the way it did. My main contention will be that both sides were operating primarily under a doctrine of realpolitik, but that ideology, especially in the case of the Soviets, distorted perceptions of reality and led to false assumptions. I will also show, that on both sides, these false assumptions led to the misinterpretation of defensive actions as offensive and thus the escalation of tensions. Three points of view exist on the relationship between nuclear proliferation and the maintenance of peace during the Cold War. The first of these, the realist perspective, concludes that nuclear proliferation was positively correlated to peace. Realist theorists generally base this inference on three basic postulates: 1) States want to mainta... ... Stanford University Press; 1 edition, 1995 Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Gross Stein "We All Lost the Cold War" Princeton University Press; Reprint edition, 1995 Vladislav Zubok "A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev" The University of North Carolina Press; 2009 Kathryn Weathersby â€Å"Soviet Aims in Korea and the Origins of the Korean War" 1993 http://pages.ucsd.edu/~bslantchev/courses/nss/documents/weathersby-soviet-aims-in-korea.pdf Works Consulted Norman M. Naimark, "Stalin and Europe in the Postwar Period, 1945-1953: Issues and Problems," Journal of Modern European History 2 (2004): 28--56; Vladimir O. Pechatnov, "The Soviet Union and the Outside World, 1944-1953," Cambridge History of the Cold War, ed. by Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, 3 vols. (London: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming).

Corporate Governance Essay

1. Business Decision; that compares the costs and benefits of manufacturing a product or product component against purchasing it. If the purchase price is higher than what it would cost the manufacturer to make it, or if the manufacturer has excess capacity that could be used for that product, or the manufacturer’s suppliers are unreliable, then the manufacturer may choose to make the product. This assumes the manufacturer has the skills and equipment necessary, access to raw materials, and the ability to meet its own product standards. A company who chooses to make rather than buy is at risk of losing alternative sources, design flexibility, and access to technological innovations. Determination whether to produce a component part internally or to buy it from an outside supplier. This decision involves both qualitative and quantitative factors. Qualitative considerations include product quality and the necessity for long-run. Business relationships with subcontractors. Quanti tative factors deal with cost. The quantitative effects of the make-or-buy decision are best seen through the relevant cost approach. 2. They Budget for many reasons; to control spending, to set goals, to control the direction of the company, and to run effectively. Controlling spending is an obvious reason. Setting goals is another. For instance, if x department meets a goal, they may get a budget increase (which can lead to an increase in wages for that department). Allocating monies to a department makes that department want to be more efficient with their money. Budget managers can control the direction of the company by giving or not giving money to certain parts of the company. For instance, in an oil company, a budget manager might give a lot of money to the Exploration department to find new oil, but cut back on the Logistics department. Budgeting is a great way to both force a company to run efficiently and to find out if they are actually doing it. If a department or region is consistently over-budget, they will need to be looked at as to why. If another region is consistently under-budget, maybe they are being allocated too many resources that could go somewhere else. DELOITTE 3. Company boards, executives, and management are investing more and more time and resources on issues of sustainability – such as carbon (greenhouse gas emissions), energy efficient technology, water use, cleantech, and biodiversity, to name just a few. An important part of the global push towards sustainability practices involves a need to account for, and report on, sustainability – sometimes referred to as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting. On this page, we maintain a history of developments in sustainability reporting requirements and practices, tracking its gradual adoption on both a voluntary and mandatory basis, and also consider the wider integrated reporting initiative being led by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) (previously the International Integrated Reporting Committee) was formed in August 2010 and aims to create a globally accepted framework for accounting for sustainability, bringing together financial, environmental, social and governance information in an â€Å"integrated† format. The IIRC brings together a cross section of representatives from corporate, investment, accounting, securities, regulatory, academic and standard-setting sectors as well as civil society. It comprises a Steering Committee, a Working Group and a three taskforces (dealing with content development, engagement and communications, and governance). The IIRC is chaired by Professor Mervyn King, Chairman, King Committee on Corporate Governance and Former Chairman, Global Reporting Initiative. Membership includes Hans Hoogervorst (IASB Chairman), Leslie Seidman (FASB Chairperson), Maria Helena Santana, (Chairperson, IOSCO Executive Committee), Gà ¶ran Tid strà ¶m (IFAC President), Jim Quigley (former global Chief Executive Officer of Deloitte), and many others. Paul Druckman is Chief Executive Officer. The objectives for an integrated reporting framework are to: * support the information needs of long-term investors, by showing the broader and longer-term consequences of decision-making * reflect the interconnections between environmental, social, governance and financial factors in decisions that affect long-term performance and condition, making clear the link between sustainability and economic value * provide the necessary framework for environmental and social factors to be taken into account systematically in reporting and decision-making * rebalance performance metrics away from an undue emphasis on short term financial performance * bring reporting closer to the information used by management to run the business on a day-to-day basis. * The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) has released a finalised ‘prototype’ of its integrated reporting framework and reaffirmed the expected timing of the issue of a consultative document as it moves towards finalisation of the framework by the end of 2013. * The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) has launched an ‘Integrated Reporting Emerging Practice Examples Database’, which contains integrated reporting examples from businesses around the world.

Gay Marriages Make Them Legal: Rebuttal Essay

Thomas Stoddard’s Gay Marriages: Make Them Legal, has some valid points, but I am not convinced nor persuaded to agree that gay marriages should be legalized. Stoddard begins with the sad story of a gay couple. Karen Thompson and Sharon Kowalski who exchanged vows that were not recognized by the government, and were living with each other in a committed relationship until Kowalski was struck by a drunk driver, which left her paralyzed and unable to communicate more than a few words at a time (para 2). Thompson sought legal guardianship over her partner, which was denied, when Kowalski’s parents opposed the petition and were granted sole guardianship. Once Kowalski’s parents received guardianship over her they moved her to a nursing home 300 miles away from her partner and forbade all visits between the two (para 3). The story of Thomas and Kowalski is a sad story that no couple, gay or straight, should have to endure; however, I don’t believe legalizing gay marriages would have given their story a different outcome. Case in point: Terri Schiavo who was diagnosed by doctors as being in a persistent vegetative state stayed alive for several years via life-support despite the request of her husband to remove the support and allow Terri to expire arguing that his wife would not want to be kept alive by artificial means. Michael Schiavo petitioned the court to have his wife’s feeding tube removed; he was opposed by Terri’s parents Robert and Mary Schindler who argued she was conscious. The court ruled in Michael’s favor and had the feeding tubes removed only to have it reinstated after the Schindler’s filed an appeal. The appeal process went on from 2001 to 2005. After all attempts of appeals the court system upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tubes; 13 days later Terri died. Despite being the husband of Terri Schiavo Michael had to go through 14 appeals, 5 lawsuits, and numerous motions, going all the way up to the Supreme Court to have his wishes for his wife set forth. Being the legal husband of Teri made no difference, before he could allow his wishes to be set forth he had to do his due diligence in court. If Thompson would have sought all legal options and exhausted all of her appeals, it is possible that her case could have had a different outcome. Having their marriage legalized may not have given her the outcome she petitioned the court for, thus weakening the reasons behind legalizing gay marriage. The United States of America is based on Christian principles and in this country marriage has been defined as a religious and legal commitment between a man and a woman and we should uphold those beliefs. Homosexual marriage should not be encouraged, it confuses children about gender roles and weakens the definition and respect for the institution of marriage. If gay marriage were legal we would have to ask ourselves if it is in the best interest for the entire county. Stoddards has a point when he argues â€Å"The decision whether or not to marry belongs properly to individuals – not the government (para 6). Most would argue that the government does have the right to say what is legal and what is not. However, not all that is legal is moral, especially if it promotes moral deterioration of American society. For instance even though abortion is legal does it mean it’s moral? Our country should focus on things that are moral whether than the things we as a people feel are fair. If we legalize gay marriage, is that not a gateway for other immoral behavior? If that is the case, how then, do we expect to bring up future generation with morals and family values? Children learn about expectations of gender roles from their parents first, then society. It is difficult for parents to teach the importance and traditions of the family when the confusion of homosexual marriage is thrust upon them. Legalizing gay marriages will not set a good example for future generations. It will confuse our youth and encourage unhealthy behavior. For instance, an issue analysis done by Family Research Council advocating Faith, Family, and Freedom showed that the life expectancy at age twenty for gay and bisexual men is eight to twenty years fewer than for all men (FRC). In addition the Suicide Prevention Resource Center estimates that between thirty and forty percent of gay, and lesbian youth depending on age and sex groups, have attempted suicide and are four times more likely to attempt suicide than other young people (SPRC). With such statistics we should not allow our children to grow up believing that living a homosexual lifestyle is a healthy choice. If we do, it is possible these statistics will rise causing a larger percentage of our youth to die young. According to Stoddard â€Å"A married person can share in a spouse’s estate when there is no will. She is typically entitled to the group insurance and pension programs offered by the spouse’s employer, and she enjoys tax advantages† (para 5). Although these advantages are important, they are not as important as keeping our youth alive with good family morals and values. Lisa Schiffren in â€Å"Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron† had a valid point when she argued â€Å"Same – sex marriage is inherently incompatible with our culture’s understanding of the institution. Marriage is essentially a lifelong compact between a man and a woman committed to sexual exclusivity and the creation and nature of offspring. For most Americans, the marital union – as distinguished from other sexual relationships and legal and economic partnership – is imbued with an aspect of holiness (Schiffren 754)†. Allowing immoral acts that go against our country’s beliefs and value does not instill morals in our youth. Instead it will lead to our youth growing up with the mindset that anything goes and that there are no standards to live by; if they believe in it – it is justified. In order to preserve the values of the United Sates we, as a nation should guide our youth to follow our Constitution which is built on Christian faith. Although Stoddard and other gay rights advocates may argue that the government has no say in who shall marry and that same sex marriage will represent equality in all – they are not looking at foundation of this country. â€Å"Society cares about stability in heterosexual unions because it is critical for raising healthy children and transmitting the values that are the basis of our culture (Schiffren 724)†. Stoddard’s argument to legalize gay marriages based on allowing homosexuals to have the right to enjoy the benefits and laws of marriage is not strong enough to have the country’s values and beliefs compromised. We have to set the standard for our future; not doing so could lead to a nation where laws and values are not valued. Our youth would grow up confused on gender roles, not valuing the country’s Christian principles, and this country’s definition of marriage being defined as a religious and legal commitment between a man and a woman. Although we all have the right to commit ourselves to whomever we choose, one should not expect our country’s values and laws to change because he/she chooses to live outside of them. Works Cited Lane, Diane. â€Å"The Whole Terri Schiavo Story.† WND. N.p., 24 Mar. 2005. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. â€Å"The Negative Health Effects of Homosexuality.† The Negative Health Effects of Homosexuality. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Suicidal Behavior among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth.† SPRC. American Association of Suicidology (AAS), 2012. Web. 04 Feb. 2013. Barnet, Sylvan, Hugo Adam. Bedau, and Thomas Stoddard. â€Å"Gay Marriage Make Them Legal.† Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999. N. pag. Print Schiffren, Lisa. â€Å"Marriage: What Is Its Future.† Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings. By Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Adam. Bedau. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 723-24. Print

Romeo and juliet:love

Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous love stories. Most people think it is Just about romantic love, but indeed it has many different forms of love that exists which is portrayed throughout the Shakespearian novel. The novel uses the main theme of love to push the story along and keep it going. Presented are variations of love including forbidden love, unrequited Love and blind love. This essay aims to analyse these three types of love chosen. Romeo and Juliet is a brilliant play about a young boy and girl, whom fall deeply in love with each other.Romeo is from the house of Montague, while Juliet is from the house of Capulet. Both families have been feuding with each other for a long time; however, despite the families feuding, Romeo and Juliet marry each other in secrecy. This is an example of forbidden love. In Romeo and Juliet the two main characters rush into love and it didn't end up the way they planned it to. They see each other's seen beau ty and think they will live happily together, but things change throughout the tory that take a turn for the worst.Romeo gets banished from Verona making their love for each other hard making them sneak around to manage it. Juliet pretends to kill herself so Romeo would come back but Romeo goes back thinking Juliet actually killed herself, so he decides he must kill himself. Juliet wakes up and sees her love dead and decides if she cannot live with Romeo she will not live at all, and kills herself also. The first time Romeo sees Juliet he says, â€Å"Did my heart love till? / Forswear it sight!For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night† (1. 5). Romeo without hesitating decides that he is in love with Juliet now even though he has not spoken to her at all. Which brings us into unrequited love and the ‘one sided' love between Romeo and Rosaline. You are never positive if someone really loves you or not. All you know is that you truly love them. That is what makes unrequi ted love difficult for people. In Romeo and Juliet, unrequited love is present whether it was apparent or implied, we don't know.When we are introduced to the character Romeo, he is infatuated by Rosaline which he thought was love at first sight, but she happens to not be in love with him and plans to become a nun. Romeo is in love with Rosaline while Paris falls in love with Juliet which are the most obvious examples in Romeo and Juliet. Romeo's apparent â€Å"love† for Juliet is no different than his love for Rosaline because Romeo is in love with the idea of being in love. Although, I do believe there is an unrequited love between Juliet and her parents.In Romeo and Juliet, love and hate are Just two emotions on the same side. Both emotions are intense emotions that as Benvolio says, get the â€Å"mad blood stirring† (3. 1. 4). When the hatred is going on between the Montagues and Capulets, it finally pushes Romeo and Juliet to their tragic deaths but which their pa rents thought they were doing right for their children. But if they're Just two emotions on the same side, then can this kind of passionate love even exist without hate? romeo and juliet:love By victoriacoates

The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group are two global institutions created to assist nations in becoming and remaining economically viable. Each plays an imporant role in the environment of international trade by helping maintain stability in the financial markets and by assisting countries that are seeking economic development and restructuring. Inadequate monetary reserves and unstable currencies are particularly vexing problems in global trade.So long as these conditions exist, world markets cannot develop and function as effectively as they should. To overcome these particular market barriers that plagued international trading before World War II, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was formed. Originally 29 countries signed the agreement; now 184 countries are members. Among the objectives of the IMF are the stabilization of foreign exchange rates and the establishment of freely convertible currencies to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of i nternational trade.Member countries have voluntarily joined to consult with one another to maintain a stable system of buying and selling their currencies so that payments in oreign money can take place between countries smoothly and without delay. The IMF also lends money to members having trouble meeting financial obligations to other members. Argentina, Turkey, and Greece have recently received such help from the IMF, but the results have been mixed. To cope with universally floating exchange rates, the IMF developed special drawing rights (SDRs), one of its more useful inventions. Because both gold and the U. S.  dollar have lost their utility as the basic medium of financial exchange, most monetary statistics relate to SDRs rather than dollars.The SDR is in effect â€Å"paper gold† and represents an average base of value derived from the value of a group of major currencies. Rather than being denominated in the currency of any given country, trade contracts are frequen tly written in SDRs because they are much less susceptible to exchange-rate fluctuations. The special drawing right (SDR) is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement the existing official reserves of member countries.Countries can exchange SDRs for hard currency at the IMF. The SDR also serves as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organisations. Its value is based on a basket of key international currencies. The SDR is in some ways like a currency, but is currently used only at the IMF. The value of the SDR is based on the exchange rates of the US dollar, the euro, the yen and the pound sterling. The basket composition is reviewed every five years to ensure that it reflects the relative importance of currencies in the world’s trading and financial systems.Although the International Monetary Fund has some severe critics,43 most agree that it has performed a valuable service and at least partially achieved many of its obj ectives. To be sure, the IMF proved its value in the financial crisis among some Asian countries in 1997. The impact of the crisis was lessened substantially as a result of actions taken by the IMF. During the financial crisis, the IMF provided loans to several countries including Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea. Had these countries not received aid ($60 billion to Korea alone), the economic reverberations might have led to a global recession.As it was, all the major equity markets reflected substantial reductions in market prices, and the rate of economic growth in some countries was slowed. Sometimes confused with the IMF, the World Bank Group is a separate institution that has as its goal the reduction of poverty and the improvement of living standards by promoting sustainable growth and investment in people. The bank provides loans, technical assistance, and policy guidance to developing country members to achieve its objectives.The World Bank Group has five institutions, e ach of which performs the following services: (1)Lending money to the governments of developing countries to finance development projects in education, health, and infrastructure (2)Providing assistance to governments for developmental projects to the poorest developing countries (per capita incomes of $925 or less) (3) Lending directly to the private sector to help strengthen the private sector in developing countries with long-term loans, equity investments, and other financial assistance.Providing investors with investment guarantees against â€Å"non-commercial risk,† such as expropriation and war, to create an environment in developing countries that will attract foreign investment (5)Promoting increased flows of international investment by providing facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between governments and foreign investors. It also provides advice, carries out research, and produces publications in the area of foreign investment law.Since thei r inception, these institutions have played a pivotal role in the economic development of countries throughout  the world and thus contributed to the expansion of international trade since World War II. Protests against Global Institutions Beginning in 1999, what some are calling â€Å"anti-capitalist protesters† began to influence the workings of the major global institutions described previously. The basic complaint against the WTO, IMF, and others is the amalgam of unintended consequences of globalization: environmental concerns, worker exploitation and domestic job losses, cultural extinction, higher oil prices, and diminished sovereignty of nations.The anti-globalization protests first caught the attention of the world press during a WTO meeting in Seattle in November 1999. Then came the World Bank and IMF meetings in April in Washington, DC, the World Economic Forum in Melbourne, Australia, in September, and IMF/World Bank meetings in Prague, also in September 2000. S ome 10,000 protesters faced some 11,000 police in Prague. And the protests45 and violence have continued at other meetings of world leaders regarding economic issues, such as the G20 meetings in London in 2009,46 and in individual countries affected by the IMF.Tragically, the terrorism in London was most likely timed to coincide with the G8 meetings in Scotland in 2005. Regardless of the theoretical approach used in defense of international trade, the benefits from an absolute or comparative advantage clearly can accrue to any nation. Heightened competitors from around the world have created increased pressure for protectionism from every region of the globe at a time when open markets are needed if world resources are to be developed and utilized in the most beneficial manner.And though market protection may be needed in light of certain circumstances and may be beneficial to national defence or the encouragement of infant industries in developing nations, the consumer seldom benef its from such protection. Free international markets help underdeveloped countries become self-sufficient, and because open markets provide new customers, most industrialized nations have, since World War II, cooperated in working toward freer trade.Such trade will always be partially threatened by various governmental and market barriers that exist or are created for the protection of local businesses. However, the trend has been toward freer trade. The changing economic and political realities are producing unique business structures that continue to protect certain major industries. The future of open global markets lies with the controlled and equitable reduction of trade barriers.

Ethical Issues in Research Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Issues in Research - Personal Statement Example Background: It describes the basic information and history about the programmes or the project which is being evaluated. Review of evaluation questions: This section describes the goals of the evaluation of the programmes. It includes specific evaluation questions and reasons for each question. Evaluation methods: These describe in detail the design and the process of the evaluation. This process of evaluation includes the major criteria used for selecting samples or the participants. It also explains the data collections approaches and the process of analysis of the data. Key findings: These are the main observation from the overall research programme which provides descriptions of the participants or the samples which include the demographics of the participants and the extent of participation. Conclusions: It contains the comparisons hypothesis of the research with the actual findings. It reflects the strength of the research programme identified in the evaluation and recommendati on for further improvement of the work i.e. the process of finding the results. It also describes the limitation of the research process and the evaluation process. ... A particular academic journal represents an in-depth analysis of a particular area of any subject. The main aim of this is to provide detailed analysis or information about a narrow topic of academics. An analysis is done in a much deeper level to find out the key outcomes and the limitations. Newspaper report: A newspaper report generally discuss the current or recent news or issues from diverse areas. It includes the accounts of eye witness for the happening events. Gene3rally newspaper reports answers almost all the questions like who, what, when, where, how and lastly the most important way. These articles are written keeping in mind the mass market knowledge base to understand and needful of the topic. These based on the study of the wide range of topic not in-depth research on a particular area. The main aim for this type of article is to make awareness of the mass about particular issues or detail facts which the readers need to aware of or sometimes they are interested to kno w to gain a wide range of knowledge. Section B Answer 1 The positivist research philosophy is derived from natural science and is characterized by hypothesis testing and development from the existing theories through the measurement of the social realities. This position assumes that the world exists for different externalities and objectives. The knowledge of the assumption is only valid if it is assumed based on the findings and the observations of any external realities and it needs to develop some theoretical models which can explain the cause and effectiveness of the possible outcomes.  

Intelligence Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intelligence Testing - Essay Example Intelligence could be honed through concentration and discipline. Again, the degree of grasping power of an individual may give him supremacy, average or below average ratings as against those of his peers. (Measurement of Intelligence) It is possible to effectively measure intelligence by means of intelligence tests. Intelligence tests are invariably designed to evaluate traits, understanding and the candidate's grasp of any specific issue. Normally these tests are sets of objective questions to evaluate verbal, numerical and spatial abilities. They begin with simple, easy-to-answer type problems followed by more difficult ones progressively. They also vary in range and scope. For instance, there may be one set of fifty questions where the candidate is required to answer all questions within a specific time period. Then, there may be another set of fifty questions where the answers have to be correct but it is not necessary to answer all the questions. Yet another set of fifty questions may attract deduction in scores for every wrong answer. To pass the test the candidate needs to score minimum 80/100. The ultimate purpose of evaluation is served with the use of different sets of problems that help reveal the candidate's traits and capabilities for any specific reason or general assessment. (Human Intelligence) Spearman's two-factor theory of int... They begin with simple, easy-to-answer type problems followed by more difficult ones progressively. They also vary in range and scope. For instance, there may be one set of fifty questions where the candidate is required to answer all questions within a specific time period. Then, there may be another set of fifty questions where the answers have to be correct but it is not necessary to answer all the questions. Yet another set of fifty questions may attract deduction in scores for every wrong answer. To pass the test the candidate needs to score minimum 80/100. The ultimate purpose of evaluation is served with the use of different sets of problems that help reveal the candidate's traits and capabilities for any specific reason or general assessment. (Human Intelligence) 3. What are the similarities and differences between Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence and the information processing view of intelligence (Carroll's Three-Stratum Theory) 3.1 Similarities: Both Charles Edward Spearman and John B. Carroll dwell on cognitive factors analysis in their observations. Spearman was "pioneer in factor analysis, theories of intelligence, and mental test theory. He established that these three factors were not independent of each other." (Richard H. Williams et al) Carroll's "three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities specifies the kinds of individual differences in cognitive abilities and how these differences are related to each other." (John B. Carroll) 3.2 Differences: Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence concentrates on the reliability and validity of the intelligence tests. He used mathematical methods and psychological studies to pioneer research efforts. His work paved the way for the application of statistical methods to the study of

Capturing a market - product development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Capturing a market - product development - Essay Example There has been news about inferior quality of Chinese products, harmful Chinese products, china's conflict with Tibet, contaminated liquor, etc. In its aspiration to be a global marketer, china needs to strategise its move so that it appears as the strongest contender across the globe. It needs to establish a positive and congenial brand equity with conscious efforts to undo the tarnished image. China as a brand is very popular with the world. There is no dearth of FDI in the country. Even amidst economic crises, China expects a drop of only 10% as far as FDI is concerned. Thus there is immense brand awareness and china is viewed as a market with huge potential. Thus the attitude of the customer is positive. China now needs to create brand knowledge and a positive perception of ethics and behaviour. China is known to be a conservative society and it maintains a particular code of conduct with regards to business practices. It offers talent as far as skilled workers is concerned, cheap labour for production, raw material at competitive prices and great entrepreneurs. They are a closely bound society and Chinese expatriates take care of development in the country, the Chinese talent is spread across the world and occupy high levels in organisations. A. Designing marketing strategy: A well designed and precise marketing strategy will generate brand awareness and brand associations, thereby effecting consumer knowledge in a positive manner. A. Showcasing China: Participate in expositions and showcase china as a tourist destination, industrial destination, HR destination, investment destination, etc. Alongside convince about the ethical practices and the approaches Chinese adopt in various situations. Any negative news should be countered through creative ways. B. Establishing China as a quality producer- Reposition: China faces the brunt of the buyers on the grounds that the product though cheap does not last long and is beyond repair most of the time. It's about time this perception is changed. Technological advancement should be followed and quality products should be manufactured and exported to the global markets. In doing this of course the price competitiveness will have to be maintained. C. Investments in R & D: Research and development initiatives will alter china's image as a market that imitates and makes the products at a cheaper cost. It should design and manufactures some trade marked products so that there is a change in the perception. D. Public Relations: To rebut a few charges against few industries for instance baby food industry, china should indulge in heavy P R exercise stating facts and coming up with clarifications. Through P R it should also initiate write ups and articles in other countries stating strengths of brand china, its new initiatives, new products, etc. E. Communication strategy: A communication strategy should be adopted each year with specified agenda which gives guidelines to all the involved personnel on what

John Wesley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Wesley - Essay Example Wesley’s preaching mainly focused in developing the Modern Methodist movement, which encompasses the concept of Pentecostalism, the Charismatic movement and Neo-Charismatic churches. Thus, he strongly emphasized on the evangelical status which was much more deviated form the Orthodox Catholic Christianism. Also, he insisted much on perfectionism among the Christians, where he focused on implanting holiness in their heart and life. He framed small groups through which he preached the sacraments and other religious instructions among the members of the groups. Thus the concept of Christian perfectionism was his major basic sacramental theology. â€Å"Wesley wished Methodist to become peculiar people; to abstain from marriages outside the societies; to be distinguished by their dress and by the gravity of speech and manners; to avoid the company of even relatives who were still in Satan’s kingdom.† (Bloy, n. d). Thus, pertaining to the above statement he insisted th at the Methodist to lead a disciplined and spiritual life. Moreover, he always opted for the Open-air teaching where he preached the essence of faith in Salvation and to feel that each and every human being is the child of God and they are filled with God’s spirit. Also he maintained a cordial and amicable relationship with his fellow followers. This part of the content will identify and link the relationship of John Wesley with his followers and his contribution to the Christian History. Wesley traveled all throughout his life meeting all sections of people propagating the vital elements of Methodism and the concept of evangelism. â€Å"He traveled almost constantly, generally on horse back, preaching twice or thrice a day.† (Theology thru Technology). As mentioned above, he formed small groups or societies and propagated his preaching through the groups. Each group had to follow the religious instructions strictly. He insisted the concept of personal responsibility i n developing the spirituality among the members of the societies. He also selected preachers among the groups and they had the role of spreading the concept of evangelism and taking care of the people. His main motive was to administer discipline among the members of the society and thereby allowing them to feel the spirituality and ultimate salvation. His link and relationship with the people, who were his followers, can be easily identified through various events that he implemented during his period. For example, he opened many chapels and made the people to assemble in those chapels and commissioned the preachers respectively. Importantly, he raised funds for the schools, orphanages and established charity homes in various regions of United States of America. Also, he assisted the poor and the sick people by providing them with appropriate medication and other treatment for illness. Thus, he rendered a helping hand for the people who were in need. Moreover he took earnest steps in preparing the religious literatures through which he could make even a lay man understand the essence of Christianity. Through his continuous and constant traveling he was able to meet people and enlighten them with his preaching. â€Å"He is believed to have traveled in the course of his itinerant ministry more then 250,000 miles and to have preached more than 40,000 times.† (John Wesley, n. d.). Thus he spread the vital essence of spiritual Holiness among the people. John Wesley can be considered as a keen observer of Human behavior,

Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Climate Change - Research Paper Example Extreme temperature is not suitable for sustaining life forms on earth. If the temperature rises beyond certain limits, survival of humans and animals on this earth would be difficult. It should be noted that there is equilibrium, with respect to the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere for photosynthesis and they liberate oxygen when the process is over. On the other hand, human and animals breathe oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide. Thus, the atmospheric content of oxygen and carbon dioxide follows a ratio all the time. However, when atmospheric temperature increases, survival of trees and plants would be difficult and thereby the ratio of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be spoiled. In other words, the content of carbon dioxide increases whereas that of oxygen decreases in the atmosphere because of atmospheric temperature rise. Such a situation is not suitable either for humans or all othe r living things. â€Å"Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. It is estimated that more than 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide are released to the atmosphere due to deforestation, mainly the cutting and burning of forests, every year† (Deforestation). ... In many villages women are hit the hardest by natural disasters. They often cannot swim, have fewer assets to turn to for alternative livelihoods when crops are destroyed, and have fewer employment opportunities away from the home. The perception of many villagers and local leaders is that the climate is already changing. The main problems were typhoons, unpredictable weather, and the threat of salt water intrusion from sea level rise and other factors (A report for Oxfam, 2008, p. 3-4). Floods, tsunamis, earthquake, hurricanes etc are some of the weather calamities caused by climate change problems. All these natural disasters can cause immense damage to human life and properties. The frequency of occurrence of these kinds of natural disasters has been increased a lot in the recent past. Many people believe that climate change problems are the major reasons behind it. The occurrence of unexpected weather calamities is causing huge damage to the life environment and agriculture. Huma n activities are causing huge damages to the environment. Heavy industrialization and increased automobile use result in increased use of fossil fuels. Increased use of fossil fuels causes big problems to the environment since fossil fuels have the ability to release toxic greenhouse gases to the atmosphere at the time of its burning. Land, water and air are getting polluted as time goes on because of unregulated industrialization and automobile use. Moreover, greenhouse gases have the ability to destroy the ozone layer at the top of the earth which is shielding us from the intrusion of harmful radiations from sun and outer universe. â€Å"Scientists believe that Global Warming will lead to a weaker Ozone